OLR方法在黑龙江地区中强地震前异常现象的探讨     

王春  齐晓燕  高峰 《地震地磁观测与研究》2011,32(6):8-12

利用卫星遥感长波辐射(OLR)资料,分析黑龙江省2004年-2008年发生的几次ML 4.0以上中强地震前的OLR资料,发现地震发生前,在震中附近地区有长波辐射增强的特征,可能与强震孕育过程中的热状态有关,识别和提取卫星对地遥感红外波段的热兆信息,可望在中强地震监测预报的层面上有新的突破.  相似文献   

Surface energy and water vapor fluxes observed in a desert plantation in central Iran   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Oliphant  P. Zawar-rezaG. Azizi  A. DehghanpourJ. Harrison 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(10):926-935

Summertime observations of surface radiation budget, energy balance and atmospheric surface layer meteorology were made on an arid valley floor planted with Haloxylon aphyllum to combat desertification in central Iran. The surface microclimate is characterized and compared with other arid regions and the role of ‘desert greening’ on surface fluxes is considered. A high surface albedo (0.265) and large longwave radiation loss produced relatively low net radiation. Energy partitioning was dominated by sensible and ground heat fluxes with opposing diurnal asymmetry governed by strong diurnal variability in eddy diffusivity. The Bowen ratio was 2.53, which fell inside the range of other vegetated arid surfaces. Surface temperature gradients were strong both in the atmospheric surface layer and in the substrate, with consistent lapse conditions by day and inversions at night. The wind regime included a moderate daytime regional wind which displayed Coriolis turning and weaker nocturnal slope flows. Actual evapotranspiration (1 mm dy⁻¹) was only a small fraction of potential evapotranspiration. The diurnal pattern of AET indicates strong stomatal control. The desert greening effect of Haloxylon plantations provided atmospheric water and reduced sensible heat flux by up to 40%.  相似文献   

MODELLING SURFACE‐AIR‐TEMPERATURE VARIATION OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN AROUND ABISKO,SWEDISH LAPLAND: UNCERTAINTIES OF MEASUREMENTS AND MODELS AT DIFFERENT SCALES     

ZHENLIN YANG  EDWARD HANNA  TERRY V. CALLAGHAN 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2011,93(2):89-112

  相似文献   

基于辐射的潜在蒸散量估算方法适用性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

左德鹏  徐宗学  程磊  赵芳芳 《干旱区地理》2011,(4):565-574

根据不同气候区4个站的历史数据,选取8种基于辐射的PET估算方法,以FAO56-PM法计算的PET作为参考值进行比较分析,最后用20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量对所有方法在不同气候区的适用性进行评价.其结果表明,采用初始参数时,Hargreaves法在不同气候区估算的逐月以及多年月平均PET误差均较小,其它方法则产生较大误差.校...  相似文献   

利用LM-BP神经网络估算西北地区太阳辐射   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李净  王卫东  张福存 《干旱区地理》2015,38(3)

气候、生态、水文等模型的应用需要空间连续分布的太阳辐射数据,由于地形等条件的制约,气象站点的分布有限,无法利用稀少的站点获得空间连续分布的辐射数据,而BP(Back-propagation)神经网络模型对太阳辐射具有很好的预测性,但以往的研究都是基于单个站点估算太阳辐射,而且BP神经网络模型存在收敛速度慢、学习时间长等问题,为解决BP算法存在的不足,采用LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法优化后的BP神经网络(简称LM-BP神经网络)结合DEM(Digital Elevation Model)数据估算西北地区128个气象站点2011年的太阳总辐射月均值,通过乌鲁木齐和银川两台站的实测数据进行验证,两台站的平均百分比误差分别为2.89%和3.24%,平均偏离误差分别为0.27 MJ·m-2和0.61 MJ·m-2,且拟合优度均0.90。该模型各项误差指标较小,估算精度较高。最后将模型模拟出的辐射值,结合已有的24个辐射站点的实测值进行空间插值,得到西北地区2011年逐月太阳辐射精细化空间分布图。  相似文献   

Accounting for the solar radiation in thermal regime prediction for railway subgrade in cold regions     

Alexander Isakov  Anna Lavrova 《寒旱区科学》2015,7(4):293-299

This paper presents a comparative analysis of simulation processes of seasonal freezing-thawing of railway subgrade and permafrost degradation, with and without accounting for solar radiation. Also, the effect of sun screens to reduce the degradation of subgrade permafrost under different climatic conditions is numerically substantiated. And finally, the temperature criterion of the origination of permafrost is illustrated.  相似文献   

天山南坡科其卡尔巴契冰川消融期气候特征分析   总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5  

张勇  刘时银  韩海东  王建  谢昌卫  上官东辉 《冰川冻土》2004,26(5):545-550

通过分析天山南坡科其卡尔巴契冰川区的气候变化特征及其对冰川消融变化过程的影响, 研究了冰川对气候变化的响应机理及其对塔里木河水资源的影响规律.科其卡尔巴契冰川区夏季气温比较高, 基本处于正温, 日较差较小; 气温直减率较小, 平均值为0.60·℃\5(100m)-1, 冰川冷效应不明显; 对流性降水较多, 降水量的75%发生在白天; 冰川区局地环流--山谷风发育, 海拔3 900 m以上冰川受西风环流影响显著; 净辐射在7月和8月中上旬均较大, 在8月下旬后净辐射开始逐渐减小, 与冰川消融是一致的. 7月初至7月下旬是消融较强的两个时段, 冰川平均消融速率为38.66 mm·5d-1, 到8月中旬消融速率略有降低, 平均为34.79 mm·d-1, 至9月中旬降至28.83 mm·d-1.  相似文献   

Influence of Changes in Solar Radiation on Changes of Surface Temperature in China          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Hu  YIN Qing  Teruyuki NAKAJIMA  Nakata Mukai MAKIKO  LU Peng  HE Jinhai 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2013,27(1):87-97

The long-term trends of total surface solar radiation(SSR),surface diffuse radiation,and surface air temperature were analyzed in this study based on updated 48-yr data from 55 observational stations in China,and then the correlation between SSR and the diurnal temperature range(DTR) was studied.The effect of total solar radiation on surface air temperature in China was investigated on the basis of the above analyses.A strong correlation between SSR and DTR was found for the period 1961-2008 in China.The highest correlation and steepest regression line slope occurred in winter,indicating that the solar radiation effect on DTR was the largest in this season.Clouds and water vapor have strong influences on both SSR and DTR,and hence on their relationship.The largest correlations between SSR and DTR occurred in wintertime in northern China,regardless of all-day(including clear days and cloudy days) or clear-day cases.Our results also showed that radiation arriving at the surface in China decreased significantly during 1961-1989(dimming period),but began to increase during 1990-2008(brightening period),in agreement with previous global studies.The reduction of total SSR offset partially the greenhouse warming during 1961-1989.However,with the increase of SSR after 1990,this offsetting effect vanished;on the contrary,it even made a contribution to the accelerated warming.Nonetheless,the greenhouse warming still played a controlling role because of the increasing of minimum and mean surface temperatures in the whole study period of 1961-2008.We estimated that the greenhouse gases alone may have caused surface temperatures to rise by 0.31-0.46℃(10 yr) 1 during 1961-2008,which is higher than previously estimated.Analysis of the corresponding changes in total solar radiation,diffuse radiation,and total cloud cover indicated that the dimming and brightening phenomena in China were likely attributable to increases in absorptive and scattering aerosols in the atmosphere,respectively.  相似文献   

An analysis of six simultaneous wind records taken near Vancouver     

Z. Vasanji  I.S. Gartshore 《大气与海洋》2013,51(2):145-156

Abstract

Hourly wind speeds and directions taken at six sites near Vancouver, Canada over a period of one year during 1971–1972 have been analyzed. Mean magnitude ratios obtained for different wind directions under high wind conditions vary from about 0.3 to 1.4 and can be explained qualitatively by local shelter effects, local terrain effects or anemometer heights. The mean magnitude ratio is in every case shown to be essentially identical to the ratio of mean wind magnitudes, for high wind conditions; this is justified by simple analysis. The standard deviation of the magnitude ratio lies between 0.24 and 0.69 of the mean ratio. Uncertainty in this mean ratio, which is an important link in wind engineering design, may have to be incorporated into statistical design procedures to avoid taking unknown risks in the estimation of design wind speeds.  相似文献   

同步辐射标定平面镜反射率不确定度分析方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈伯伦  杨正华  曹柱荣  董建军  侯立飞  崔延莉  江少恩  易荣清  李三伟  刘慎业  杨家敏 《海洋学报》2010,32(10):7078-7085

为了提高多通道软X射线能谱仪的测量精度,2009年在北京同步辐射(BSRF)软X束线源上对多种材料的掠入射平面镜的反射率进行了标定.在标定实验的基础上,对光源的单色性、高次谐波以及源强稳定性、探测器响应一致性和数据采集统计误差等多项不确定因素进行了评估,给出了反射率的修正方法和相应的不确定度分析结果.  相似文献